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Auxiliary (Kata Bantu) digunakan bersama-sama dengan kata kerja lainnya untuk membantu mengekspresikan arti, atau khususnya mempunyai fungsi gramatikal. Di bawah ini akan kami jelaskan secara terperinci tentang Auxiliary Verbs. Selamat Belajar
Macam-macam Auxiliary Verb
- is, am, are
- be, been, being
- was, were
- do, does, did
- have, has, had
- can, could
- will, would
- may, might
- shall, should
- must
- ought to
- need, dare
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1. Linking Verbs
Adalah kata kerja bantu yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan antara subyek dan predikat. Adapun kata kerja bantu yang dapat berfungsi sebagai linking (copulative) verb yaitu: To Be = (am, is, are, was, were, be, being dan been).
Contoh:
- She was at my house yesterday
- I am a doctor
- Dapat berfungsi sebagai kata
kerja biasa yang berarti mengerjakan.
- She did her homework yesterday.
- 1 do my homework every day.
- Sebagai kata kerja bantu dalam
membentuk kalimat tanya, kalimat menyangkal (negative), atau jawaban
singkat.
- Did you go to church yesterday?
- Does he come to your house?
- Do you know about Anne? Yes, I do.
- Berfungsi sebagai kata kerja
biasa yang berarti “mempunyai”.
- I have a new care.
- She has much money.
- He had two cars last year.
- Sebagai kata kerja bantu dalam membentuk Tense,
misalnya present perfect tense, past perfect tense dan sebagainya.
- She has bought a new car.
- He had studies French.
- She has been working here for
12 years.
Catatan:
- Dalam sebuah kalimat tidak
boleh ada dua buah modal auxiliary. Kalau Anda dihadapkan dengan 2 buah
modals (Dalam bahasa Indonesia, misalnya, “saya harus bisa …” maka modals
yang kedua, harus diubah ke bentuk lain yang mempunyai sama arti.
- Kata Kerja sesudah modal
auxiliaryharus bentuk pertama.
Dipakai untuk menyatakan:
1. Kesanggupan atau kemahiran seseorang.
Contoh:
- She can sing beautifully.
- 1 can speak English.
Contoh:
- Can I borrow your book?
- Can I come to your house?
Contoh:
- She can be at home at noon.
- He can be ill. (mungkin dia
sakit).
Adalah bentuk Past Tense dari CAN dan bentuknya sama untuk semua subyek. Namun dalam penggunaannya tidak selamanya berarti past time (masa lalu).
COULD dipakai untuk menyatakan:
1 Bentuk lampau dari Can.
Contoh:
- Mary could sing a song when she
was young.
- She could not come here
yesterday because she was ill.
Contoh:
- Could you help me now?
- Could you take that book for
me?
Contoh:
- She could be at home now, but
she usually plays volleyball.
- He could be very busy at that
time.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Artinya “akan” dalam bentuk Future Tense.
Contoh:
- I shall go to London tomorrow.
(Saya akan pergi ke London besok).
- We shall buy a new motorcycle
next week.
Contoh:
- Shall I open the window?
- Shall I make coffee for you?
Contoh:
- You shall have a motorcycle.(Saya
janjikan anda akan dapat mempunyai sepeda motor).
- I shall meet her tomorrow.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Bentuk lampau dari shall.
Contoh:
- When he come to my house I
should go.
- I should visit to your house
before you came to my house.
Contoh:
- You are ill, you should go to
the doctor soon.
- She is tired, she should take a
rest.
Dalam hal ini SHOULD sama artinya dengan Ought to.
Contoh:
- You should (ought to) do your
homework every day.
- He should (ought to) study
hard.
Contoh:
- You should (ought to) have
studied hard before take an exam. = Anda seharusnya belajar dengan
keras sebelum mengikuti ujian. (Dalam kenyataannya Anda tidak belajar
dengan keras, tetapi tetap mengikuti ujian).
- John should (ought to) have
gone to the dentist yesterday. (Dalam kenyataannya John tidak pergi ke
dokter gigi kemarin – he did not go).
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Artinya “akan” dalam bentuk Future Ssimple Tense, dan sama dengan to be going to.
Contoh:
- I will go to Jakarta next week.
(=I am going to Jakarta next week).
- She will come here soon.
Contoh:
- Will you carry that bag for me?
- Will you go with me?
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Bentuk lampau dari Will yang berarti “akan”.
Contoh:
- He would be punished before he
escaped.
- She knows that it would be
pleasant in Bali.
Contoh:
- Would you please help me?
- Would you mind closing the
window?
Contoh:
- I would like to eat.
- Would you like to go there?
Contoh:
- I would rather be a doctor than
a president.
- I would rather have stayed home
than went to the movies.
Kata kerja bantu yang berarti “boleh/mungkin” yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Permohonan izin.
Contoh:
- May I borrow your motorcycle?
Yes, you may. (Bolehkah aku pinjam sepeda motormu?)
- May I go home now? No, you may
not. (Bolehkah aku pulang sekarang?)
- Henry may be late. (Mungkin
Henry terlambat).
Contoh:
- May you both the happy. (Mudah-mudahan
Anda berdua bahagia).
- May God bless you. (Mudah-mudahan
Tuhan memberkati Anda).
Bentuk lampau (past tense) dari MAY, namun pemakaiannya jugs dapat untuk mass kini atau mass datang.
Contoh:
- Alex might be late yesterday. (Mungkin
Alex terlambat kemarin).
- Please take an umbrella with
you, It might rain. (Bawalah payung, hari mungkin hujan).
- I told him that he might go
home. (Saya beritahukan kepadanya bahwa ia boleh pulang).
- You might try to be more
careful.
Kata kerja bantu yang berarti harus atau wajib, digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Keharusan/mesti.
Contoh:
- You must go now. (Anda harus
pergi sekarang!)
- I must do my homework soon. (Saya
harus segera mengerjakan peker aan rumahku).
- She must study hard. (Dia
harus belajar keras).
Contoh:
- Must I go now? Yes, you must
atau yes, you need.
- Must she pay it? No, she
needn’t.
- You needn’t go now. (Anda
tidak perlu pergi sekarang) bukan musn’t.
- She need not come here. again.
(Dia tak perlu lagi datang ke sini).
Contoh:
- You must not smoke in the
class. (Anda dilarang merokok di dalam kelas).
- Susan mustn’t go there alone. (Susan
tidak boleh (dilarang) pergi ke sana sendirian).
Contoh:
- You must (have to) read this
book. (Anda harus membaca buku ini).
- She must (has to) go to school
today. (Dia harus ke sekolah hari ini).
- They must (or have to) work
hard. (Mereka harus bekerja keras).
Contoh:
- I had to meet my sister
yesterday. (Saya kemarin harus berjumpa saudara perempuanku).
- She had to leave for Jakarta
last week. (Dia harus meninggalkan Jakarta pekan lalu).
1. Kata kerja bantu yang artinya sebaiknya atau seharusnya.
Contoh:
- She ought to be here now. (Dia
seharusnya ada di sini sekarang).
- Ought she to come here again? (Haruskah
dia datang ke sini lagi?)
- She asked me what ought to be
typed. (Dia bertanya kepadaku apa yang harus diketik).
Contoh:
- The work ought to have been
finished last week. (Pekerjaan itu seharusnya sudah diselesaikan pekan
lalu).
- You ought not (oughtn’t) to
have crossed the road when the lights were red. (Anda seharusnya tidak
menyeberang jalan ketika lampu berwarna merah).
- You ought to have told him that
the paint on that seat is wet. (Anda seharusnya sudah memberi tahu dia
bahwa cat pada tempat duduk itu masih basah).
Need artinya “Perlu” dan digunakan sebagai:
1. Untuk membuat kalimat negatif dan jawaban dari pertanyaan yang memakai MUST
Contoh:
- I must go
now. (Positif).
- I needn’t go now. (Negatif).
bukan: I mustn’t go now, karena kalimat ini berarti.: (Saya dilarang
pergi sekarang).
- Must I go now? No, you needn’t
atau Yes, you must.
- need -
needs (Present Tense)
- needed –
(Past Tense).
Contoh:
- They need some milk.
- They don’t need any milk.
- Do they need any milk?
- She doesn’t need much money.
- Did Ali need to meet with you?
- Ali didn’t need to go with you.
- Ali need to go with you.
Artinya “berani” dan digunakan sebagai:
1. Kata kerja bantu
Contoh:
- He dare go there alone. (Dia
berani pergi sendirian ke sana)
- Dare he do it?
- I dare not to climb the tree.
“DARE” jika berfungsi sebagai Kata Kerja Bantu tidak memakai “S” untuk orang ketiga tunggal, jadi untuk kalimat nomor I, bukan: She/He dares.
2. Kata kerja biasa
Kalau DARE berfungsi sebagai kata kerja biasa, maka pemakaiannya sama seperti kata kerja biasa lainnya, yaitu dalam kalimat tanya dan negatif menggunakan auxiliary verb. Do/Does atau Did.
Contoh:
- She doesn’t dare to go there
alone.
- Does he dare to come here
again?
- I don’t dare to climb the tree.
Contoh:
- He dared not to go there alone
yesterday, atau He didn’t dare (to) go three alone.
- Dared he go there alone? atau
Did he dare (to) go there alone?
- She dared not visit me last
week, atau She didn’t dare (to) visit me last week.